Understanding Lichen Planus Diseases: Types, Condition, and Effective Treatment

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the skin (lichen planus skin), scalp (lichen planus scalp), mouth and genitals. It is characterized by rows or clusters of dark, raised, flat-topped skin lesions.

At Dr Batra's®, we ensure the best lichen planus treatment with the expertise and experience of treating over 1.41 lakhs patients with skin disorders successfully over the last 35 years. We have a 94.3% success rate in treating skin disorders including lichen planus, as authenticated by the American Quality Assessors.

This skin disease is characterised by changes in its colour and texture, possibly due to infection, inflammation, or allergic reaction. It is vital to note that each skin condition has different symptoms, causes and treatments. Lichen planus is a disease that features chronic inflammation with differentiated dark lesions on the skin. Keep reading to understand this skin disease better.

What is Lichen Planus Disease?

Lichen planus disease is the inflammatory condition of the skin and the mucous membrane. It is often regarded as an idiopathic disease (cause unknown) affecting almost 0.5 to 2% of the world’s population (as per NCBI). It is presented by dark, raised, flat-topped lesions involving various skin areas such as nails, scalp, oral cavity, and genitals. These lesions have fine white lines covered with a shiny surface, spread widely, and arranged in either grouped plaques or scattered patterns.

The lichen planus skin disease is suspected to be linked to various agents such as viruses, especially HCV (Hepatitis C) or allergic reactions due to metal sensitivity or drug reaction. As the pathogenesis is not understood properly, the lichen planus treatment approach through conventional therapies can be deemed as superficial as they might be insufficient to hit the root cause.

Variants of lichen planus

Lichen planus may occur differently in different individuals. Certain variants may also respond better to treatments, whereas others tend to be more obstinate. Depending on the presentation of the lesions (and their peculiar locations), described below are some types of lichen planus:

• Hypertrophic lichen planus (lichen planus verrucosus): These are thickened itchy lesions of lichen planus, usually seen on the extremities, especially the shin (between the knee and foot).
• Follicular lichen planus (or lichen planopilaris): This type of LP affects hair follicles, which further leads to scarring. In most cases, the patient may even experience hair loss in the affected parts;
• Lichen planus actinicus (actinic lichen planus): This type is more commonly seen during the summers. Exposed areas of the face, dorsum of the hands (back of the hands), arms and nape of the neck develop dark lesions with pale borders.
• Lichen planus pigmentosus:This type results in dark-brown spots that develop in sun-exposed areas and folds of the skin. In most cases, it also spreads to the upper body.
• Annular lichen planus:This type of LP commonly involves the male genitalia, but also has a predilection for folds of the skin, such as the axilla and groin folds. This is marked by small clusters of lesions in a ring form.
• Linear lichen planus:This results in lesions that develop along a straight line, usually on the extremities.

Apart from the above mentioned types, there are other rare types of lichen planus such as bullous, ulcerative and atrophic lichen planus.

Lichen Planus Causes

The exact cause of LP is not known. Some probable causes of lichen planus include immune reactions, chemicals, excess stress, heredity and certain drugs. These drugs may include anti-inflammatory medications, long-term use of certain antibiotics and amalgam dental fillings.

Lichen planus disease is commonly found in people in the middle age group. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, women are more affected by the lichen skin condition than men. Though the exact cause of this condition is unknown, given below are some of the suspected ones:

• Hepatitis C

Many people with HCV were found to have lichen planus disease.

• Inheritance

One of the lichen planus types, bullous lichen planus, is found to run in families, and hence, an individual can inherit this rare condition.

• Metal filling

Lichen planus on mouth or oral lichen planus can happen due to dental metal fillings.

• Drug sensitivity

Some medicines for conditions such as high blood pressure, malaria, inflammation, etc, can cause lichen planus. 

• Autoimmune condition

The autoimmune disease lichen planus is caused by an allergic or immune system reaction. Any substance or medication can trigger the immune system's cells, resulting in an autoimmune condition in which the body harms its cells.

Lichen Planus Symptoms

LP can be easily identified by the typical location of spots and their characteristic ‘violaceous’ appearance. Eruptions often involve the insides of wrists, ankles, lower back, scalp, nails and mucous membranes that line the mouth, nose, vagina, penis and anus. Small clusters of flat-topped eruptions may appear in rows on these areas resulting in itching that may vary from mild to severe.

 Lichen planus skin condition is characterised by patches on different body parts. Below are some of its symptoms:

• Hands, legs, arms, foot lichen planus

Lichen Planus rashes can be any shade, from purple to pink to red. They are often raised, shiny blotches with fine white lines. This can be accompanied by severe, mild, or no itching.  

• Lichen planus on mouth

White patches can be seen on the tongue, gums, and inside region of the cheek. An individual can even experience a burning and stinging sensation in the mouth while eating or drinking.

• Lichen planus on scalp and nails

This can be characterised by scarring or bald patches, which can even lead to hair loss. Nails affected by lichen planus disease can become thin and rough with grooves.

• Lichen planus on genitals

Red sore patches can be seen on the vulva, and purple or white ring-shaped patches can be seen on the penis.

Lichen Planus Types

Lichen Planus is found to show different traits on different body parts. Following are some of its types.

• Cutaneous Lichen Planus

This type of lichen planus forms bumps on different body parts, such as hands, arms, lower back, and legs. The cutaneous lichen planus appears on the skin surfaces, as well as toenails and fingernails. The bumps could be scaly patches or crusty blisters, which can be uncomfortable and painful. Moreover, the cutaneous form is found to be associated with liver disease (hepatitis C).

• Oral Lichen Planus

This lichen planus affects the mucous membrane, resulting in blisters covering the mouth. Compared to the cutaneous lichen planus, the oral lesions can cause more discomfort and pain. The sores in the mouth can bleed while brushing the teeth. Also, significant redness and swelling on the gums can be observed. Moreover, the oral lichen planus can even increase the risk of oral cancer.

• Genital Lichen Planus

Genital lichen planus is another type that affects the mucosal sites, i.e. the vulva in the female genitalia. The erosive form of this lichen planus disease is found to be linked with inflammatory vaginitis showcasing vaginal discharge, pain or stinging during micturition. Also, the sores in the vaginal region can cause scarring and treatment for these lesions can be difficult.

Mentioned here are the common lichen planus conditions; however, there are possibilities of variations or rare forms of this skin disease, which is not distinguished well. It's important to consult a good healthcare source, i.e. Dr Batra’s®, where the best lichen planus treatment is offered.

Lichen Planus Treatment Options

Lichen planus skin disease treatment is not definite; many cases are cured by itself. Following are a few conventional treatment options that can be considered:

• Creams or ointments

The application of corticosteroids, such as inflammation, is found to relieve the symptoms of this condition.

• Oral Medication

Antihistamines or immunosuppressants can be prescribed, considering the cause of lichen planus to be an allergy or autoimmune reaction.

• Phototherapy

The ultraviolet B waves (sunlight) are found to help relieve skin conditions such as lichen planus.

Homeopathic Treatment for Lichen Planus

Unlike conventional treatment options, homeopathic treatment does not feature any toxicity or side effects. This alternative medicine works on the root of this disease, helping relieve the existing lesions and preventing its spread. The most desired advantage of homeopathic treatment is that it's suitable for all age groups.

Lifestyle Changes to manage Lichen Planus

• Good habits

Maintaining good oral hygiene, i.e., brushing teeth properly and in a timely manner and getting oral health examined periodically can be beneficial. Also, for oral lichen planus, one must avoid eating spicy, sour, and hot food. In case of injury, it is suggested to clean the wound properly.

• Better stress management

Stress can induce and elevate the symptoms of lichen planus, making it even worse. Better stress management can support the undergoing treatment or therapy.

Homeopathic Treatment for Lichen Planus

Homeopathy is a fast-growing alternative medicine that offers the safest, most natural and side-effect free treatment for lichen planus Since homeopathy targets the psycho-somatic nature of this disorder, it is a mind-body medicine. It treats the ailment holistically, providing long-lasting relief from physical as well as emotional symptoms. Homeopathic medicine addresses the body at the level of immunity and gently restores the deviation back to normalcy. It helps to control the progression of the disease, thus giving lasting results.

Takeaway

Lichen planus is a skin disease whose cause is unidentified. It can happen to anyone. Beginning with a small rash, it is more likely to spread to other body parts. Hence, it is vital to be aware of it and consult a healthcare provider as soon as you notice similar symptoms.

At Dr Batra’s®, we have lichen planus experts who have successfully treated this condition. Over the past 35 years, we have treated over 10,000 patients of lichen planus successfully. Get in touch with us to avail yourself of the most efficient homeopathic treatment for lichen planus.

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